Welcome to the Chanakya University Institutional Repository

This is the digital repository of scholarly literature created by the Chanakya University community. Here, you can store and access the contributions of Chanakya University for academics and research purposes. This provides global visibility to Chanakya University’s scholarly contributions.

The repository is built on DSpace, an open-source software, and uses a community–sub-community–collection structure. Every academic department, school, research centre, a collaborative venture or a project is considered as a community, which may be further divided into sub-communities based on their requirements. The collection includes all types of scholarly materials such as research articles, chapters, books, theses, dissertations, working papers, datasets etc.

Only the bibliographic (metadata) information is openly accessible to all. Chanakya University-affiliated publications that have been published as open access will be freely available as full-text to public. For publications where copyright is retained by the publisher, access is provided in accordance with the self-archiving policies of the respective publishers.

The Chanakya University Library proudly curates and maintains this repository to ensure the long-term preservation and dissemination of the University’s Scholarly output.Click here for the Submission Guidelines

Recent Additions
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    Publication
    Indian consumer laws in digital transaction – An analysis of its effectiveness
    (Chanakya University, Bengaluru, 2025)
    B. J. Shreevara
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    Ambika Bhat K. S.
    The government scheme called Digital India transformed the Indian banking system from cash based transactions to digital payments. This change represents a fundamental shift in the economic and social fabric of the country. Until the introduction of this scheme, the nation heavily relied on the conventional banking system. Today, India harnesses digital power across all sectors from small roadside vendors to multinational companies. Every Indian was once accustomed to the traditional banking system. Although the process appeared simple, it was plagued with several issues for example, lack of transparency, inefficiency, and most significantly, corruption. Financial exclusion becomes serious concern, especially for rural and marginalized segments of society, who were denied access to formal banking channels. Digitalization slowly began to address these customer issues. Before digitization, the system suffered from delayed and inadequate grievance redressal mechanisms. The informal nature of transactions allowed fraudulent activities to flourish, making them difficult to trace. This led to repeated violations of consumer rights, with little or no recourse for the victims. The shift to digital transactions was not a technological revolution, but also a strategic necessity. The rollout of Aadhaar, India's biometric identity system, along with initiatives like Jan Dhan Yojana (a financial inclusion scheme) and mobile banking apps set the stage for a financial system that was inclusive and accessible. The Unified Payments Interface (UPI), developed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), revolutionized consumer engagement with financial institutions by bringing about real time, interoperable, and low cost digital payment mechanisms. For the majority of Indians, particularly those in semi urban and rural areas, these innovations gave their first real exposure to formal financial systems.
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    Legal Challenges in Establishing Companies in India: A Case Study on Start-ups in Karnataka
    (Chanakya University, Bengaluru, 2025)
    Raghavendra Hegde
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    Dr. Pradeep Kumar Sharma
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    Ambika Bhat K. S.
    Today’s corporate culture has the potential to drain personal, family, and social life. Due to this, many employees are now considering independent work and setting up their own business operations. On 15, 08, 2015, during his public speech from Red Fort, Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi launched this campaign. Through multiple policy efforts, PM Modi’s Start-up India flagship initiative aimed to build an ecosystem that supports growth and stimulates progress for Indian Start-up s, thereby leading to thousands of employment opportunities in the process. This initiative sought to position India among the most vibrant Start-up ecosystems worldwide. In India, a start-up isn't just a private limited company. The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) says a start-up can be one of three things: a Private Limited Company (under the Companies Act, 2013), a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) (under the LLP Act, 2008), or a Registered Partnership Firm (under the Indian Partnership Act, 1932). This gives business owners some freedom to pick what kind of structure works best for them, based on how much money they need, how easy it is to follow the rules, and what their plans are for the future. Private limited companies are the favorite for tech and fast-growing companies. This is mostly because investors like them and they can raise money by selling stock. LLPs are good because they offer some protection from debt but are also easier to run, so they suit small teams or businesses that provide services. Registered partnership firms aren't as common for start-ups that want to grow quickly, but they can still get DPIIT approval and the perks that come with it if they meet the requirements.
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    Critical Analysis of Indian Markets and the Digital Competition Bill, 2024
    (Chanakya University, Bengaluru, 2025)
    Puja Bhattacharjee
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    “Digital Marketplace” – a unique mode of business for accelerating the economic growthhas considerably transformed the definition of “marketplace” from the 1990s. Although the growth of the digital sector began in 2000 in India, it gained significant momentum in the past decade, particularly after the Covid-19 pandemic, emerging as the preferred mode of marketplace and reaching a wide audience. Digital Marketplace, as the name suggests, is fundamentally different from the traditional markets. The exponential growth of the Digital Marketplace has led to new market dynamics. The convenience of obtaining essential and luxury items from the comfort of home has also been considered one of the most important reasons for growth of this industry. With the passage of time, the digital marketplace is achieving milestones and taking shape as one of the largest contributors to the growth of the nation. As the second most populous country in the world, India offers a lucrative market to the Digital Marketplace players; hence, multinational corporations are targeting India as their preferred destination. In conjunction with this, Government’s “Digital India Campaign” has acted as a catalyst for the phenomenal growth of this industry. Alongside multinational conglomerate, numerous Indian-origin start-ups are also emerging with their aspirations to tap into this enormous market. In the past decade, numerous international players have started catering to the Indian market, such as Amazon India, eBay India, AliExpress. Alongside them, there are also a few home- grown players who are trying to reap the benefits of this growing market, such as Tata Cliq, JioMart, Nykaa and AJIO. As stated in the 53rd Report of the Parliament Standing Committee, “India’s consumer digital economy is expected to become a US$ 1 trillion market by 2030, growing from US$ 537.5 billion in 2020, driven by the strong adoption of online services such as e-commerce and ed tech in the country”. The Indian digital marketing market size is likely to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate of 38.9% during 2024-2030.1 In recent times, on numerous occasions, the Government of India has affirmed its intention toward the growth opportunities of the digital marketplace sector. Moreover, the Government initiatives and priorities have also been clearly communicated in its recent announcements and budgetary sessions.
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    Corporate political funding in India: Legal framework, constitutional dilemmas and global electoral insights
    (Chanakya University, Bengaluru, 2025)
    Dr. Natesha D. B.
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    Prof. Chetan Basavaraj Singai
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    P. Sushmitha
    In modern electoral democracies, the role of financial resources in politics is both inevitable and deeply contested. In India, corporate political funding has become a defining, yet increasingly opaque, aspect of electoral competition. Corporate contributions often serve strategic purposes, such as influencing public policy and securing regulatory advantages, thereby raising profound constitutional questions around transparency, accountability, and democratic legitimacy. The historical trajectory of political finance in India reveals a persistent tension between regulation and a growing demand for funds. A legal ban on company donations in 19691 , while well-intentioned, unintentionally pushed political finance into the shadows. The subsequent re-legalisation of corporate donations in 1985 has opened crest gate for corporate electoral funding in the Indian politics. In India, the legal framework governing corporate political funding presents a fundamental challenge to the constitutional principles of transparency, electoral equity, and accountability. While political parties are central to a functioning democracy, the legal architecture for corporate donations has progressively institutionalised secrecy, creating a system that is fragmented and opaque. A patchwork of laws, including the “Representation of the People Act, 1951”, the “Companies Act, 2013”, and successive Finance Acts, has facilitated this trend.
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    An analysis of implementation of cyber governance in top five global corporations
    (Chanakya University, Bengaluru, 2025)
    Madhan Mohan S.
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    P. Susmitha
    The 21st century digital revolution has created a whole new world for business no matter where in the world you operate. In the field of technology development there has been a very significant increase in productivity, operations have become more efficient and it is cheaper to disseminate products from other countries. Modern business systems can be increasingly complex, with cloud computing, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data analytics all playing essential roles. They assist organizations in enhancing their performance and scaling-up the other way round. However, this progress has also ushered in a new age of cyber threats and they are more prevalent, sophisticated and damaging as ever before. Big data breaches, ransomware attacks, insider threats, and cloud-based vulnerabilities have recently demonstrated that cybersecurity hazards are not isolated incidents; they can involve entire company ecosystems. As we continue through this rapidly evolving digital landscape, cybersecurity governance has become a major focus at the organizational level. Nowadays IT security has grown beyond the siloes of IT departments and is now much more a concern enterprise-wide concerning issues such as legal compliance, corporate accountability, investor confidence, brand reputation and operational resilience. Governance: Cybersecurity governance speaks to the way organization’s structure, oversee, and enforce their cybersecurity strategies — essentially how technical controls are tied to management oversight and policy enforcement. Must Read: Cyber risks have transformed from an IT concern into non-linear threat that can impair the enterprise value and reputation, and as a result, boards of directors and executive leadership are often implicated in cyber risk management gone bad — making cybersecurity governance part of a fiduciary responsibility. Security is also complicated by regulatory frameworks that change across jurisdictions, which often involve complex inter-jurisdictional bodies in the case of multinational corporations. Including “the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)” of the European Union, “the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)” in the United States, China's Cybersecurity Law as well many other national or regional data protection laws. This leads to regulatory fragmentation and compliance complexity — each regime has different standards, obligations, enforcement processes and penalties. For example, with the pressure to comply with “GDPR,” companies that do not may face upwards of €20 million1 or 4%1 of the organization's global revenue and U.S. laws are beginning to hold organizations accountable for data breaches through fines and class-action lawsuits. However, such a legal vacuum reinforces the need for complex governance processes allowing corporations to manage in compliance with existing international law, and yet create an internally harmonious corporate strategy.
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    Use of medicinal plants through sacrificial fire to treat Tuberculosis: A review
    (Chanakya University, 2022)
    P. Srilekha
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    Dr Manasa R.
    Tuberculosis, a widespread pulmonary disease in the world, claims millions of lives every year. The ever-growing demand for better treatment and care, mounting costs of treatment and negligence among the patients is also a concern. In the view of modern medication and its side effects, literature suggests use of medicinal plants in the treatment of Tuberculosis. The Sacrificial fire therapy (Yajna) or the Ethnobotanical inhalation therapy is a prominent method in Ayurveda to treat pulmonary diseases. Studies have shown the sacrificial fire therapy to be effective in curing Neurological disorders too. In this process, parts of Ayurvedic medicinal plants are selected in specific proportions, sublimated, and evaporated and the components released have exhibited the potential to treat Tuberculosis. This paper explores an idea that can help against antibiotic resistance and analyses the effect on microorganisms and seems a possible option to use it as a complimentary medicine to the humankind.
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    Rejuvenating the ancient Indian food preservation methods: A critical analysis
    (Chanakya University, 2022)
    Dr. Manasa R.
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    Right from the dawn of civilisation, every society had this problem: How to save food for the proverbial rainy days - safe from microbes and insects out to spoil it. The ancient Indian wisdom of preserving food, both perishable and non-perishable, has survived for centuries. Based on wisdom passed through generations, our ancestors practised several food preservation methods. For several years, these methods were on the decline. However, of late they are staging a comeback with necessary modifications. Regardless of the recent advances in modern food storage technologies, the revival of low-cost, readily available, environment friendly ancient food storage methods appear to be a promising option to minimise the post- harvest losses. Understanding the science behind these traditional practices and improvising them to make them relevant in the present context is the need of the hour as borne out by the studies we conducted in different climatic conditions of India. We studied the various food preservation methods prevalent in these regions and reviewed their potential for modern times. There is no doubt that traditional storage methods, when appropriately modified, can significantly reduce losses and contribute to increased food security and poverty alleviation by increasing the returns of smallholder farmers.
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    Person
    Chaitanya Ramesh
    A dedicated and goal-oriented committed to holistic development of every student, adaptable to diverse student learning styles. She has an enriched satisfying teaching career of over 16 years in Microbiology and foundation courses. Started her academic journey in 2006 at Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women in the department of Microbiology, where she guided students for UGC STAR-DBT Projects. She subsequently joined NMKRV College for Women on 2017, as Assistant Professor, HOD Science and Society. She has an Instructional NCC training experience of 16 years as an Associate NCC Officer commissioned as a Lieutenant from Officer’s Training Academy (OTA),Gwalior in 2007; promoted to the rank of Captain in the year 2013. In addition to raising the NCC unit in her previous institution, also responsible for successful implementation of various community development programs and social service activities which are so critical in the developing the all-round capabilities of the students while impacting the society positively. She has extensive functional experience in encouraging students to involve in community connect and social service activities. She is a recipient of Chief Minister’s Commendation 2013 and 2018. She was given the responsibility as a contingent ANO during “Prime Minister’s Rally in 2018”. Ms Chaitanya has achieved “Young Scientist” gold medal, in the 5th Annual meeting of International Association of Zoologists” and 2nd International virtual Seminar Dec 2021. She has successfully entered the “Guinness Book of World Record” and “Limca Book of World Record” for training blind students and participating in the largest “Tarangam Dance “in 2013.
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    Prof. Ramakrishna Pejathaya
    Dr. Ramakrishna Pejathaya has a doctorate from the Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha (RSVP), Tirupati, for his research on the medieval text on astronomy Siddhāntaśekhara of Śrīpati and its influence on later astronomers. He has been actively involved in teaching Jyotiṣa, Sanskrit literature, Indian Knowledge Systems and Poetics since 2007. Ramakrishna holds a Vidvat degree in Triskandha Jyotiṣa which he studied traditionally along with Sāhitya and Siddhānta Kaumudī at SMSP Sanskrit College, Udupi. He has several research papers and books to his credit. He has also produced study material for the texts Jātakālaṅkāra, Janmapatradīpakam and Bhāskarīya Bījagaṇitam. He was a co-investigator for the encyclopaedia project Jyotiṣaviśvakoṣaḥ undertaken by SMSP Sanskrit Research Centre, Udupi. The output has been published in nine volumes by the centre. He as a Principal Investigator is now in the revising process of a research project Idiomatic expressions from classical Sanskrit plays funded by Samskrit Promotion Foundation. Currently, Dr. Pejathaya serves as Associate Professor in the Centre for Indian Knowledge Systems at Chanakya University. During his service at Chinmaya Vishwavidyapeeth he was the Program Director of MA Sanskrit and the founder Director of the Centre for Avadhanām, a joint initiative of Chinmaya Vishwavidyapeeth and Indic Academy. He has designed several innovative courses. Noteworthy of them are Kauṭilya and Public Finance Administration, Puruṣārthas: Perspectives from Mahābhārata, Life Lessons from Bhagavad Gītā and Avadhāniśikṣā. He is also a member of academic bodies such as the Academic Council and Board of Studies at several institutions. Dr. Ramakrishna is one of few practitioners of the art of Avadhānam in Sanskrit and classical Kannada. He has performed more than 25 Aṣṭāvadhānas till date in different parts of the country including Udupi, Sringeri, Bengaluru, Ernakulam, Calicut, Tirupati, Somnath, Prayag Raj and Varanasi.
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    Soils in Hindu Scriptures (including Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism)
    (Chanakya University, 2023)
    Tapas Bhattacharyya
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    Dr. Manasa R.
    Hinduism is considered unique in the world of religions since it had no founder yet grew gradually over five thousand years, absorbing, assimilating, and guiding all other faiths to bear the cultural heritage of India. Hinduism has no Bible/Koran/Dhammapadam to find potential solutions for problems. Hinduism clarifies the differences and shared beliefs of different schools of thought within it, thus resembling Christianity binding human civilization with a common thread. There is no historical creator of Hinduism as in Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism. According to the literature (Hindu text, the Bhagvad Gita), relationships of human/nature (yagna), human/divine (tapas), and human/human (dana) are conceptualized to stitch human beings and nature through soil, soul, and society. This suggests a high level of realization to connect these three to have a harmonious relationship with nature and sustain human civilization. All religions address soils differently and portray diverse cultural patterns of understanding this valuable natural resource. According to Hindu religious belief, soil (matter, nature) is considered divine and respected as Mother. Soil is seen as a feminine donor, attributed predominantly to chthonic (Ancient Greek word: khthon, which means earth or soil). In Hinduism soil is referred as dharti/bhoo mata: Mother Earth is also related to cosmic elements. In Buddhism, the soil is described as a symbol of dust in this ephemeral world to support life. Humans belong to nature, and when they cultivate soil, it always reverberates in their mind. To relate humans with soils, two different types of religious concepts, namely natural religion and salvation religion are postulated. During the long history of human civilisation with primal religion (Primal religion has a priority where the fundamental aspect of religion is available). Being dominant, the soil is considered supernatural and controlled by an unseen power. Soils are part of religious reverence, justifying certain rituals to sustain their fertility. However, the modern-day approach to soils takes environment, ethics, and ecology as more essential aspects. Human ecology is related to human concepts of nature and destiny (religion). Hindu religion always considers land/soil as mother earth, cautioned about its use and abuse, and recommends its preservation for posterity. Given this, Hinduism and other religions such as Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism and their concepts indirectly believe in the environment and ecological sustenance. They are in line with the modern-day vision.