Natural cellular metabolism and external stimuli cause organisms to produce reactiveoxygen species (ROS). These substances are highly reactive and possess the capacity to degrade andalter the functionality of several cell constituents, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids.Oxidative stress refers to a change in the ratio of oxidants to antioxidants that favors oxidants. It isessential for organ function, cell survival, activation, and proliferation, so that reducing and oxidizingstates are regulated. The integrated antioxidant systems of aerobic organisms consist of bothenzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, which are generally successful in preventing the negativeeffects of ROS. Many pathological states and illnesses are linked to oxidative stress. In this review,we cover the cellular implications and processes of oxidative stress as well as an overview of thecellular oxidant and antioxidant systems.

Background: Studies have indicated that mothers are essential primary informants for adolescent girls regarding menstruation. Their knowledge and comfort levels regarding this subject considerably influence the information that their daughters receive. In addition to influencing the daughters’ initial experiences of menarche, maternal attitudes towards menstruation also affects their broader perceptions of menstruation throughout adolescence. This study aims to investigate mothers’ attitudes regarding menstruation, focusing on mother-daughter conversations and their influence on girls’ menstrual health education and experiences. Method: A phenomenological research design using the focus group discussion technique was employed to procure data. Fifty-three participants were recruited using organisational and advertisement techniques of purposive sampling. Six focus group discussions were conducted with participants’ spoken language. The audio recording was translated and transcribed verbatim into the English language. Using Atlas.ti software, a qualitative research analyst performed thematic analysis on verbatim transcripts from discussions in six focus groups. Outcome: The results of the study have unveiled thoughts and feelings of mothers anticipating their daughter’s onset of menstruation. It highlights that mothers’ perceptions are largely shaped by their personal feelings, especially surrounding issues of safety, protection, and the daughters’ ability to understand and manage their menstrual health. The findings offer a detailed insight into the mothers’ challenges, their support systems, and their psychological and emotional states as they navigate this significant transition for their daughter’s approaching puberty. Recommendations: A comprehensive instrument is necessary to assess attitudes around menstruation, enabling the identification of ways to provide mothers, women, and girls with vital information and assistance, thereby fostering positive body acceptance.

Prof Ashok comes with tremendous amount of experience with over 4 decades at Bangalore University. Prof Ashok is a distinguished Teacher, Trainer, Counsellor and Researcher. His specialization is in Psychometric analysis, Research methodology and Indian psychology. He has guided many students in their Doctoral theses. As an honorary professor at CESS, Prof. Ashok led a project on Sri Aurobindo’s Integral Education.

The integration of invasive, non-invasive, and external technology into healthcare has significantly transformed neurocognitive rehabilitation. It has transformed the relationship between the patients and their care providers, caretakers, and digital agents of care. It can aid the rehabilitating agents at all levels of intervention, stages of patient’s response, and interactions between them and the patients. While technology can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of neurocognitive rehabilitation, it raises fundamental ethical issues. The three types of technology – invasive, noninvasive, and external – pose different types of issues that must be addressed by the care providers, caretakers, the digital agents, and the patients. The ethical issues must be balanced against the potential efficiency and effectiveness of the technologies in making intervention decisions. The chapter presents an Ontology of Ethics of Technology-Driven Neurocognitive Rehabilitation as a framework to parse these complex issues clearly, concisely, and comprehensively. It provides a roadmap to address the ethics systemically and systematically. Technology-assisted neurocognitive rehabilitation can deeply affect the mind, body, and spirit of the patient. It is an emerging field and there is little literature on its ethics. The framework can be used to develop a roadmap for research, policies, and practice.

Tuberculosis, a widespread pulmonary disease in the world, claims millions of lives every year. The ever-growing demand for better treatment and care, mounting costs of treatment and negligence among the patients is also a concern. In the view of modern medication and its side effects, literature suggests use of medicinal plants in the treatment of Tuberculosis. The Sacrificial fire therapy (Yajna) or the Ethnobotanical inhalation therapy is a prominent method in Ayurveda to treat pulmonary diseases. Studies have shown the sacrificial fire therapy to be effective in curing Neurological disorders too. In this process, parts of Ayurvedic medicinal plants are selected in specific proportions, sublimated, and evaporated and the components released have exhibited the potential to treat Tuberculosis. This paper explores an idea that can help against antibiotic resistance and analyses the effect on microorganisms and seems a possible option to use it as a complimentary medicine to the humankind.

Right from the dawn of civilisation, every society had this problem: How to save food for the proverbial rainy days - safe from microbes and insects out to spoil it. The ancient Indian wisdom of preserving food, both perishable and non-perishable, has survived for centuries. Based on wisdom passed through generations, our ancestors practised several food preservation methods. For several years, these methods were on the decline. However, of late they are staging a comeback with necessary modifications. Regardless of the recent advances in modern food storage technologies, the revival of low-cost, readily available, environment friendly ancient food storage methods appear to be a promising option to minimise the post- harvest losses. Understanding the science behind these traditional practices and improvising them to make them relevant in the present context is the need of the hour as borne out by the studies we conducted in different climatic conditions of India. We studied the various food preservation methods prevalent in these regions and reviewed their potential for modern times. There is no doubt that traditional storage methods, when appropriately modified, can significantly reduce losses and contribute to increased food security and poverty alleviation by increasing the returns of smallholder farmers.

Dr. Ramakrishna Pejathaya has a doctorate from the Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha (RSVP), Tirupati, for his research on the medieval text on astronomy Siddhāntaśekhara of Śrīpati and its influence on later astronomers. He has been actively involved in teaching Jyotiṣa, Sanskrit literature, Indian Knowledge Systems and Poetics since 2007. Ramakrishna holds a Vidvat degree in Triskandha Jyotiṣa which he studied traditionally along with Sāhitya and Siddhānta Kaumudī at SMSP Sanskrit College, Udupi. He has several research papers and books to his credit. He has also produced study material for the texts Jātakālaṅkāra, Janmapatradīpakam and Bhāskarīya Bījagaṇitam. He was a co-investigator for the encyclopaedia project Jyotiṣaviśvakoṣaḥ undertaken by SMSP Sanskrit Research Centre, Udupi. The output has been published in nine volumes by the centre. He as a Principal Investigator is now in the revising process of a research project Idiomatic expressions from classical Sanskrit plays funded by Samskrit Promotion Foundation. Currently, Dr. Pejathaya serves as Associate Professor in the Centre for Indian Knowledge Systems at Chanakya University. During his service at Chinmaya Vishwavidyapeeth he was the Program Director of MA Sanskrit and the founder Director of the Centre for Avadhanām, a joint initiative of Chinmaya Vishwavidyapeeth and Indic Academy. He has designed several innovative courses. Noteworthy of them are Kauṭilya and Public Finance Administration, Puruṣārthas: Perspectives from Mahābhārata, Life Lessons from Bhagavad Gītā and Avadhāniśikṣā. He is also a member of academic bodies such as the Academic Council and Board of Studies at several institutions. Dr. Ramakrishna is one of few practitioners of the art of Avadhānam in Sanskrit and classical Kannada. He has performed more than 25 Aṣṭāvadhānas till date in different parts of the country including Udupi, Sringeri, Bengaluru, Ernakulam, Calicut, Tirupati, Somnath, Prayag Raj and Varanasi.

Hinduism is considered unique in the world of religions since it had no founder yet grew gradually over five thousand years, absorbing, assimilating, and guiding all other faiths to bear the cultural heritage of India. Hinduism has no Bible/Koran/Dhammapadam to find potential solutions for problems. Hinduism clarifies the differences and shared beliefs of different schools of thought within it, thus resembling Christianity binding human civilization with a common thread. There is no historical creator of Hinduism as in Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism. According to the literature (Hindu text, the Bhagvad Gita), relationships of human/nature (yagna), human/divine (tapas), and human/human (dana) are conceptualized to stitch human beings and nature through soil, soul, and society. This suggests a high level of realization to connect these three to have a harmonious relationship with nature and sustain human civilization. All religions address soils differently and portray diverse cultural patterns of understanding this valuable natural resource. According to Hindu religious belief, soil (matter, nature) is considered divine and respected as Mother. Soil is seen as a feminine donor, attributed predominantly to chthonic (Ancient Greek word: khthon, which means earth or soil). In Hinduism soil is referred as dharti/bhoo mata: Mother Earth is also related to cosmic elements. In Buddhism, the soil is described as a symbol of dust in this ephemeral world to support life. Humans belong to nature, and when they cultivate soil, it always reverberates in their mind. To relate humans with soils, two different types of religious concepts, namely natural religion and salvation religion are postulated. During the long history of human civilisation with primal religion (Primal religion has a priority where the fundamental aspect of religion is available). Being dominant, the soil is considered supernatural and controlled by an unseen power. Soils are part of religious reverence, justifying certain rituals to sustain their fertility. However, the modern-day approach to soils takes environment, ethics, and ecology as more essential aspects. Human ecology is related to human concepts of nature and destiny (religion). Hindu religion always considers land/soil as mother earth, cautioned about its use and abuse, and recommends its preservation for posterity. Given this, Hinduism and other religions such as Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism and their concepts indirectly believe in the environment and ecological sustenance. They are in line with the modern-day vision.